Nama                                      : Adi Sih Nugroho

NIM                                        : 01110010

Tugas                                       : Makalah Akhir Semester

Mata Kuliah                            : Pendidikan Kristiani Spiritualitas

Dosen Pengampu                    : Pdt. Tabita Kartika Christiani , M.Th , Ph.D

Pentingnya Latihan Pengambilan Keputusan di Kalangan Pemuda Kristen dengan Aplikasi Pendekatan Pertumbuhan Spiritual

Pengambilan keputusan, pasti merupakan sesuatu yang kita lakukan dalam kehidupan kita. Karena apa yang disebut dengan hidup, erat kaitannya dengan apa yang disebut dengan keputusan. Seseorang tak bisa dengan gampangnya secara langsung menjadi trampil dalam mengambil keputusan.  Dalam sebuah keputusan perlu adanya suatu proses, dan dalam proses itulah terjadi apa yang disebut dengan “berlatih”. Karena suatu pengambilan keputusan baik yang besar maupun kecil memiliki dampak dan resiko masing-masing, maka itu perlu  adanya hal yang disebut latihan. Dalam Latihan ini, sebenarnya yang ingin dicapai bukan hanya pencapaian dalam hal keputusan, namun juga pelatihan untuk tanggung jawab akan apa yang diputuskan oleh seseorang itu.  Hal ini dimaksudkan agar ketika mendapati resiko atau hal-hal yang mungkin ak diinginkan berkaitan dengan keputusan yang ia ambil, orang tersebut mampu bertanggung jawab.

Mengambil keputusan juga bukanlah hal yang remeh dan dapat dilakukan begitu saja tanpa satu atau dua pertimbangan, membuat pertimbangan yang mantap ini juga merupakan hasil yang diharapkan dari sebuah latihan pengambilan keputusan ini. Dalam penulisan paper ini, penulis tertarik untuk menerapkan latihan pengambilan keputusan ini pada mereka yang berada di usia muda. Seorang pemuda (kaum muda) dengan umur terbentang dari antara 15 hingga 24 ada dalam tahap pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan mental, emosional , sosial, moral, serta religius [1].

Nah dalam tahap berkembang inilah sudah selayaknya mereka- mereka yang ada di usia muda ini mendapat pengarahan yang baik, mengingat posisinya yang masih ada dalam taraf berkembang, jangan sampai jika proses beerkembang ini terhambat oleh hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan keputusan, pun yang dilatarbelakangi dengan ketidak hati-hatian dalam mengambil keputusan, hingga membuat mereka menyesal akan apa yang mereka putuskan. Selain diharapkan bahwa pemuda bisa menjadi trampil, hal lain yang diharapkan bisa terjadi dalam diri pemuda adalah sebuah pertumbuhan dalam sisi spiritualitas. Di mana spiritualitas juga harus dibangun untuk mengembangkan dan menyeimbangkan kestabilan keadaan jiwa, emosional, juga perasaan. Dalam buku Mapping Christian Education bahkan disebutkan bahwa dalam membangun  spiritualitas dan seseorang diharapkan  adanya suatu transformasi dalam hidupnya,[2] agar suatu transformasi benar-benar terjadi ada hal-hal mendasar lain yang juga harus diperhatikan dalam diri kaum muda sebelum melakukan latihan pengambilan keputusan.

Masa muda yang adalah masa mencari identitas, rentan membuat kaum muda getol dalam mencari citra dirinya. Bahkan tak jarang karena suatu identitas yang diinginkan, pemuda tersebut mengambil sebuah keputusan. Namun yang patut dipertanyakan di sini adalah , bahwa apakah keputusan yang didasari dengan rasa ingin akan suatu identitas adalah keputusan yang “baik” ?

Dalam mendapatkan identitas, orang muda menerima tanggung jawab atas dirinya sendiri, dan atas keputusan sendiri dalam bidang bidang hidup tertentu mereka mampu mengambil tanggung jawab terhadap keputusan pribadi , dan terhadap keterlibatan mereka bagi orang lain dan masyarakat.[3]

Upaya Pengenalan akan Identitas sebelum melangkah pada Latihan  pengambilan keputusan.

Identitas, di mana merupakan sesuatu yang melekat pada diri manusia sendiri, tentu perlu dikenali bahkan dicari sejak muda. Dalam rangka pencarian identitas ini banyak pula hal yang mungkin saja terjadi termasuk tindakan-tindakan negatif yang mungkin saja dilakukan oleh para pencari identitas di usia dini. Misalnya saja tawuran-tawuran yang terjadi di tingkat pelajar SMA yang tak jarang hal ini dicurigai sebagai ajang untuk mencari identitas atau bahkan mempertahankan Identitas kelompok, gank atau golongan bermainnya.

Pemuda Kristen, tentu bukanlah pemuda-pemuda yang bebas dan lepas dari permasalahan pencarian identitas ini dan apa saja yang mungkin saja ia lakukan dibaliknya. Mungkin jika suatu pembinaan yang berkenaan dengan masalah pencarian  identitas diberikan oleh gereja bisa sedikit menolong, namun nyatanya ini pun bukanlah suatu jaminan. Pencarian identitas tidak semata-mata hanya berpusat pada identitas yang dicari. Melainkan, pencarian identitas justru disertai dengan permasalahan krisis identitas dan hal ini pun tak luput dari masing-masing orang termasuk pemuda. Permasalahan krisis identitas jarang terjadi tanpa perjuangan batin. Psikolog James Marcia dalam buku Spiritualitas kaum muda bahkan pernah melakukan penelitian dan mempelajari pencapaian identitas berdasarkan kriteria krisis dan keterlibatan. Pada waktu mengalami Krisis, orang muda meninjau kembali pandangan, dan tingkah laku mereka. Menyelidiki berbagai pilihan hidup, dan membuat berbagai macam pilihan di bidang mendasar, misalnya agama, profesi, bahkan hubungan pribadi[4]

Dalam hal menyadaridari identitasnya sendiri ini, sebenarnya kaum muda sedang berada di tahap pra latihan ( atau mungkin bisa disebut mencoba sebelum latihan), karena tanpa kita sadari atau tidak, dalam memutuskan untuk berubah atau tidak dari apa yang dilihat dan dirasakan itu pun, sudah terjadi suatu discerment (pengambilan keputusan) di mana pemuda mau berubah atau tidak dari apa yang dikritisi dari dalam dirinya sendiri yang bahkan mungkin juga terkait dengan relasinya dengan orang-orang disekitarnya.

Senada dengan apa yang diungkapkan di dalam buku spiritualitas kaum muda mengenai adanya pergolakan batin pun dalam mencari dentitas juga mengatasi krisis identitas, Paul Suparno S.J dalam bukunya yang berjudul Discerment juga menyatakan bahwa selain adanya pengolahan data dan mengembangkan pikiran, perlu juga adanya pengasahan batin dalam salah satu sikap yang diperlukan dalam discernment. Pengasahan batin ini tentu membawa pengambil discernment pada satu titik, yakni pergolakan batin. [5]

Dalam buku personal Vacation , Herbert Alphonso SJ, bahkan menyatakan bahwa Pengalaman adalah hal yang Istimewa dalam kaitannya dalam sebuah peziarahan hidup pribadi. Di mana pengalamanlah yang mengajarkan seseorang untuk berkaca di kehidupannya mendatang [6] ini artinya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa masa pencarian identitas ini juga memberi sebuah pengalaman dalam diri kaum muda.  Harapannya memang setelah sadar akan identitasnya (kenal), dalam bertindak, kaum muda bisa lebih hati hati dan berpatokan pada kondisi identitasnya, maksudnya ialah ada rambu-rambu yang diwaspadai misalnya terkait dengan kondisi emosional, yang sangat berpengaruh dalam pengambilan keputusan.

Memulai Latihan Pengambilan Keputusan  dengan Hal-hal  yang Sederhana

Sebuah cerpen yang berkaitan dengan keputusan menginspirasi penulis dalam hal memikirkan apa yang perlu dilakukan dalam sebuah latihan pengambilan keputusan di tahap awal. Cerpen yang berjudul “Mengambang” yang tergabung dalam buku “Bagaimana Aku Mengambil Keputusan” di mana dalam cerpen itu sedikit  banyak berbicara mengenai keputusan kecil. Diantaranya : Kita dapat mengamati keputusan-keputusan kecil yang kita buat, dan dengan demikian melihat bagaimana agar kita dapat lebih banyak mengendalikan diri dari pada dikendalikan. Di sini juga dikatakan bahwa hal yang membuat keputusan-keputusan kecil menjadi begitu penting adalah karena keputusan-keputusan kecil secara akan membentuk pola kehidupan[7].

Dengan demikian nampak bahwa keputusan-keputusan yang kadang dibilang kecil atau bahkan remeh, secara tidak langsung berpengaruh pada pembentukan pola pikir. Pola pikir inilah yang semakin hari dan semakin lama akan berpengaruh pada proses penentuan keputusan selanjutnya. Dengan demikian alangkah lebih baiknya jika pencegahan agar pemuda tidak gegabah dalam mengambil keputusan segera dilakukan.  Pengambilan keputusan dari hal yang sederhana ini harapannya juga mulai mengarahkan pemuda (yang adalah “sang pengambil keputusan” untuk dapat mengkonfirmasi dirinya, maksudnya adalah menerima keadaan atau bahkan keberadaan dirinya dalam mengambil keputusan. Karena sebenarnya konfirmasi diri adalah hal yang penting karena ia berkaitan pula dengan elemen-elemen pengalaman yang dimiliki dalam sebuah peziarahan hidup pribadi, juga dalam pengambilan keputusan[8]

Aplikasi Pendekatan Pertumbuhan Spiritual dalam Latihan Pengambilan Keputusan.

Suatu keputusan yang diambil, baik yang diambil oleh seseorang maupun kelompok. Tentu berpengaruh pada kehidupan dan pertumbuhan Spiritualitasnya. Karena dalam latihan pengambilan keputusan pasti ada suatu pergolakan batin. Hal ini juga mungkin terjadi dalam sebuah latihan pengambilan keputusan. Karena tujuan yang terkandung dari berlatih, apabila kegiatan berlatih tersebut dijalani dengan serius, adalah: agar pelatihan tersebut benar-benar bisa menjadi bekal. Sharing atau berbagi pengalaman sebenarnya adalah cara yang efektif untuk membantu mengarahkan seseorang yang ingin melakukan pengambilan keputusan. Karena setidaknya dengan berbagi, beban seseorang bisa sedikit berkurang. Mengapa penulis  di sini mengatakan beban? Karena bisa saja sebuah keputusan yang sedang dipikirkan menjadi beban bagi seseorang yang memikirkan. Dan lagi-lagi, di saat seseorang berinteraksi dan mencoba mendengar dan memberi masukan antara satu sama lain sedang terjadi pertumbuhan spiritualitas dalam keduanya.

Penerapan pendekatan pertumbuhan spiritual kaitannya dalam hal latihan mengambil keputusan ini setidaknya perlu adanya komunitas kecil. Nah dalam sebuah komunitas kecil inilah,masing-masing pribadi bisa saling berbagi dan kemudian saling menguatkan. Dalam proses saling menguatkan inilah sebenarnya sedang terjadi proses pengambilan keputusan, bahkan bisa keputusan pribadi ataupun juga keputusan bersama.

Dalam prosesnya, discernment yang ada dalam latihan pengambilan keputusan untuk kaum muda dengan pendekatan pertumbuhan spiritual ini nampaknya hampir mirip langkah-langkahnya dengan discernment bersama yakni, discernment yang sebenarnya merupakan discernment seseorang yang dibantu oleh kelompok dan di mana keputusan terrakhir ada di tangan individu yang meminta bantuan tadi[9]

Bedanya adalah : Karena ini bentuk dan sifatnya adalah latihan. Maka yang dibutuhkan adalah suatu proses yang bertahap. Jadi tidak hanya selesai , kemudian seseorang mengambil keputusan berdasarkan masukan dari teman temannya , lalu seseorang tersebut bersyukur kepada Tuhan[10] Namun lebih ke arah bagaimana keputusan yang ada ini tak hanya membangun satu orang atas masukan banyak orang, tetapi dapat membangun satu sama lain dalam sebuah komunitas di mana dari situlah spiritualitas bertumbuh secara perlahan. Tentu saja hal ini bisa kita terapkan dalam membuat latihan bagi para pemuda mengingat di usia muda lah yakni bertaut antara 15-hingga 24 tahun, pemuda sedang mengalami masa di mana mereka sedang asik dengan kegiatan-kegiatan berkumpul dengan teman-teman, dan alangkah lebih baiknya jika acara berkumpul ini menjadi acara yang tak sekedar berkumpul namun ada suatu manfaat dalam perkumpulan itu. Hal semacam ini sebenarnya justru membantu menghindarkan pemuda dari apa yang disebut dengan krisis iman, dan juga membantu menanggulangi krisis identitas yang terjadi dalam diri kaum muda.

Kemampuan Kognitif yang berkembang dalam dalam kaum muda, memang bertautan dengan  masalah-masalah perkembangan-perkembangan yang lainseperti misalnya identitas diri dan hal inilah yang juga menjadi pengaruh dari timbulnya krisis iman di kalangan kaum muda.[11]

Kembali pada pembentukan komunitas kecil, yang sedari tadi telah diusulkan oleh penulis, dalam latihan pengambilan keputusan. Terkait dengan masalah metode, mungkin pembentukan kelompok-kelompok kecil ( yang dapat menjadi sahabat dalam sharing) antara satu sama lain dapat membantu, mungkin jika konteksnya ada di dalam gereja hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara menyisipkan pelatihan dalam sebuah materi Kebaktian Pemuda dan mungkin dibuat berseri. Atau jika mau membuat metode KTB (kelompok tumbuh bersama) juga nampaknya cocok , dan tentu dengan memperhatikan aspek pertumbuhan spiritualitas para pemuda. Latihan pengambilan keputusan ini memang lebih efektif dilakukan dalam suatu komunitas agar dari antara mereka bisa saling mengingatkan. Selain bisa saling mengingatkan, hal in juga membuat mereka  bisa memiliki semangat untuk berlatih memikirkan apa yamg mereka putuskan akan lebih kuat apabila dilaksanakan secara bersama-sama
latihan mengambil keputusan, harapannya bisa dilakukan tidak hanya dalam komunitas tersebut, namun juga ketika pemuda berdiri sendiri sebagai dirinya, yang harus memutuskan sesuatu untuk dirinya, oleh dirinya dan juga bagi dirinya. Latihan pengambilan kepurusan yang dilakukan dengan cermat tentu akan membantu bagi pemuda (tak hanya dalam hal memutuskan sesuatu) namun juga untuk melatih diri mereka menjadi bijaksana sejak muda. Karena dengan bersikap bijaksana, tentu mereka tak akan gegabah dalam memutuskan sesuatu, dan dalam kebijaksanaan pasti terpola juga spiritualitas yang bertumbuh.

Sesuatu yang ungkin dinilai sulit, kecenderungannya akan tetap sulit apabila tidak dibiasakan. Nah pembiasaan juga termasuk dalam hal sikap berfikir kritis dan cermat dalam mengambil keputusan. Ketika nilai-nilai kebijaksanaan,kecermatan maupun ketelitian dalam mengambil keputusan sudah tertanam dalam diri pemuda, maka niscahya ia akan menjadi pemuda yang berkarakter. Karakter yang kuat dan  diiringi Spiritualitas yang bertumbuh, pasti menjadi bekal yang terus berguna bagi hidup kita di masa tua. Hingga pemuda boleh menjadi sosok yang bertumbuh dewasa,dan kelak di masa tua dapat memiliki pola pikir yang matang dalam mengambil keputusan diiringi dengan bertumbuhnya sisi spiritualnya

Daftar Pustaka

-          Shelton Charles M.SJ  , Spiritualitas Kaum Muda1987 .Yogyakarta : Kanisius

-          Seymour, Jack L. Mapping Christian Education. 1997. Nashville: Abingdon Press

-          Paul Suparno SJ, Discernment 2009 .Yogyakarta : Kanisius 

-          Herbert Alphonso , SJ ,The Personal  Vacation. 1990 . Rome: Centrum Ignatianum Spiritualitatis

-          Larry Richards , Bagaimana Aku Mengambil Keputusan. 1986 Jakarta : BPK Gunung Mulia

---

[1] Shelton Charles M.SJ  , Spiritualitas Kaum Muda, Bagaimana mengenal dan mengembangkannya , Perkembangan Kognitif Yogyakarta Kanisius 1987 p 9

[2]Jack L Seymour , Mapping Christian Education ,Educating Person,Nashville,Abingdon Press p 94 Mapping 59

[3]Shelton Charles M.SJ  , Spiritualitas Kaum Muda, Bagaimana mengenal dan mengembangkannya , Perkembangan Kognitif Yogyakarta Kanisius 1987p 76

[4]Ibid p 76

[5]Paul Suparno , SJ , Discernment ,Panduan Mengambil Keputusan. Yogyakarta Kanisius 2009 p 41

[6]Herbert Alphonso , SJ , The Personal  Vacation, Transformation in Depth through the spiritual Exercise , Discerntmen , Rome , Centrum Ignatianum Spiritualitatis 1990 p 39

[7]Larry Richards , Bagaimana Aku Mengambil Keputusan , Mengambang . Jakarta, BPK Gunung Mulia 1986 p 4

[8]Herbert Alphonso , SJ , The Personal  Vacation, Transformation in Depth through the spiritual Exercise , Discerntmen , Rome , Centrum Ignatianum Spiritualitatis 1990 p 42

[9]Paul Suparno , SJ , Discernment ,Panduan Mengambil Keputusan. Yogyakarta Kanisius 2009 p 81

[10]Ibid p 84

[11]Shelton Charles M.SJ  , Spiritualitas Kaum Muda, Bagaimana mengenal dan mengembangkannya , Perkembangan Kognitif Yogyakarta Kanisius 1987 p 18

"Anu" :D

Mendengar dan berbicara tentang Anunya , merupakan hal yang asing dan mengherankan bagi saya karna tidak begitu jelas yang dimaksud dengan anunya itu. dan mungkin akan sedikit pusing apabila kita coba untuk menerkanya. Kata anu juga sering kita dengar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. bahkan yang menggunakan tak hanya orang dewasa, remaja atau pemuda saja. Anak-anak usia TK pun tak jarang menggunakan kata ini. Misalnya saja saat anak-anaak sedang berusaha berbohong pada mama nya , pasti sering kali untuk menutupi, Kata 'anu' inilah yang digunakan
contoh :
Mama:"hayo... siapa yang memecahkan pot ini tadi ?"
Anak : "Anu ma... itu.. kucing yang menyenggolnya tadi . Bukan saya kok ma."
Kebanyakan orang juga pasti menggunakan kata 'anu' dalam keadaan atau situasi saat mereka bingung.
seorang pembantu misalnya, saat ia ketauan menggosipkan juragannya mungkin ?
Contoh:
"anu juragan, bukan anda kok yang saya maksud tadi , itu . tetangga sebelah yang tadi kami bicarakan."

 Kbbi  pun menyatakan : Bahwa : kata "anu" digunakan untuk yang tidak disebutkan namanya (bisa orang, ataupun benda). Kata ini juga biasa disebutkan untuk menyebutkan sesuatu yang namanya terlupa
anu bisa muncul saat kita lupa terhadap suatu nama
pun waktu kita bingung atau saat kita mau menutupinya ?

bagaimana dengan anunya ??? :D
_AdiSnGh_
300912__

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IGNATIUS to Polycarp

CHAPTER 0

 0:0  Ignatius, who is also Theophorus, unto Polycarp who is bishop of the church of the Smyrnaeans or rather who hath for his bishop God the Father and Jesus Christ, abundant greeting.

CHAPTER 1

 1:1  Welcoming thy godly mind which is grounded as it were on an immovable rock, I give exceeding glory that it hath been vouchsafed me to see thy blameless face, whereof I would fain have joy in God.

 1:2  I exhort thee in the grace wherewith thou art clothed to press forward in thy course and to exhort all men that they may be saved. Vindicate thine office in all diligence of flesh and of spirit. Have a care for union, than which there is nothing better. Bear all men, as the Lord also beareth thee. Suffer all men in love, as also thou doest.

 1:3  Give thyself to unceasing prayers. Ask for larger wisdom than thou hast. Be watchful, and keep thy spirit from slumbering. Speak to each man

severally after the manner of God. Bear the maladies of all, as a perfect athlete. Where there is more toil, there is much gain.

CHAPTER 2

 2:1  If thou lovest good scholars, this is not thankworthy in thee. Rather bring the more pestilent to submission by gentleness. All wounds are not healed by the same salve. Allay sharp pains by fomentations.

 2:2  Be thou prudent as the serpent in all things and guileless always as the dove. Therefore art thou made of flesh and spirit, that thou mayest humour the things which appear before thine eyes; and as for the invisible things, pray thou that they may be revealed unto thee; that thou mayest be lacking in nothing, but mayest abound in every spiritual gift.

 2:3  The season requireth thee, as pilots require winds or as a storm-tossed mariner a haven, that it may attain unto God. Be sober, as God's athlete. The prize is incorruption and life eternal, concerning which thou also art persuaded. In all things I am devoted to thee -- I and my bonds which thou didst cherish.

CHAPTER 3

 3:1  Let not those that seem to be plausible and yet teach strange doctrine dismay thee. Stand thou firm, as an anvil when it is smitten. It is the part of a great athlete to receive blows and be victorious. But especially must we for God's sake endure all things, that He also may endure us.

 3:2  Be thou more diligent than thou art. Mark the seasons. Await Him that is above every season, the Eternal, the Invisible, who became visible for our sake, the Impalpable, the Impassible, who suffered for our sake, who endured in all ways for our sake.

CHAPTER 4

 4:1  Let not widows be neglected. After the Lord be thou their protector. Let nothing be done without thy consent; neither do thou anything without the consent of God, as indeed thou doest not. Be stedfast.

 4:2  Let meetings be held more frequently. Seek out all men by name.

 4:3  Despise not slaves, whether men or women. Yet let not these again be puffed up, but let them serve the more faithfully to the glory of God, that they may obtain a better freedom from God. Let them not desire to be set free at the public cost, lest they be found slaves of lust.

CHAPTER 5

 5:1  Flee evil arts, or rather hold thou discourse about these. Tell my sisters to love the Lord and to be content with their husbands in flesh and in spirit. In like manner also charge my brothers in the name of Jesus Christ to love their wives, as the Lord loved the Church.

 5:2  If any one is able to abide in chastity to the honour of the flesh of the Lord, let him so abide without boasting. If he boast, he is lost; and if it be known beyond the bishop, he is polluted. It becometh men and women too, when they marry, to unite themselves with the consent of the bishop, that the marriage may be after the Lord and not after concupiscence. Let all things be done to the honour of God.

CHAPTER 6

 6:1  Give ye heed to the bishop, that God also may give heed to you. I am devoted to those who are subject to the bishop, the presbyters, the deacons. May it be granted me to have my portion with them in the presence of God. Toil together one with another, struggle together, run together, suffer together, lie down together, rise up together, as God's stewards and

assessors and ministers.

 6:2  Please the Captain in whose army ye serve, from whom also ye will receive your pay. Let none of you be ound a deserter. Let your baptism abide with you as you shield; your faith as your helmet; your love as your spear; your patience as your body armour. Let your works be your deposits, that ye may receive your assets due to you. Be ye therefore long-suffering one with another in gentleness, as God is with you. May I have joy of you always.

CHAPTER 7

 7:1  Seeing that the church which is in Antioch of Syria hath peace, as it hath been reported to me, through your prayers, I myself also have been the more comforted since God hath banished my care; if so be I may through suffering attain unto God, that I may be found a disciple through your intercession.

 7:2  It becometh thee, most blessed Polycarp, to call together a godly council and to elect some one among you who is very dear to you and zealous also, who shall be fit to bear the name of God's courier – to appoint him, I say, that he may go to Syria and glorify your zealous love unto the glory of God.

 7:3  A Christian hath no authority over himself, but giveth his time to God. This is God's work, and yours also, when ye shall complete it: for I trust in the Divine grace, that ye are ready for an act of well-doing which is meet for God. Knowing the fervour of your sincerity, I have exhorted you in a short letter.

CHAPTER 8

 8:1  Since I have not been able to write to all the churches, by reason of my sailing suddenly from Troas to Neapolis, as the Divine will enjoineth, thou shalt write to the churches in front, as one possessing the mind of God, to the intent that they also may do this same thing -- let those who are able send messengers, and the rest letters by the persons who are sent by thee, that ye may be glorified by an ever memorable deed -- for this is worthy of thee.

 8:2  I salute all by name, and especially the wife of Epitropus with her whole household and her children's. I salute Attalus my beloved. I salute him that shall be appointed to go to Syria. Grace shall be with him always, and with Polycarp who sendeth him.

 8:3  I bid you farewell always in our God Jesus Christ, in whom abide ye in the unity and supervision of God. I salute Alce, a name very dear to me. Fare ye well in the Lord.

THE DIDACHE

OR

THE TEACHING OF THE LORD TO THE GENTILES

BY THE TWELVE APOSTLES

Translated and edited by J. B. Lightfoot

Formatted by DIBS

There are two ways, one of life and one of death, and there is a great difference between the two ways. 2 The way of life is this. First of all, thou shalt love the God that made thee; secondly, thy neighbor as thyself. And all things whatsoever thou wouldst not have befal thyself, neither do thou unto another. 3 Now of these words the doctrine is this. Bless them that curse you, and pray for your enemies and fast for them that persecute you; for what thank is it, if ye love them that love you? Do not even the Gentiles the same? But do ye love them that hate you, and ye shall not have an enemy. 4 Abstain thou from fleshly and bodily lusts. If any man give thee a blow on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also, and thou shalt be perfect; if a man impress thee to go with him one mile, go with him twain; if a man take away thy cloak, give him thy coat also; if a man take away from thee that which is thine own, ask it not back, for neither art thou able. 5 To every man that asketh of thee give, and ask not back; for the Father desireth that gifts be given to all from His own bounties. Blessed is he that giveth according to the commandment; for he is guiltless. Woe to him that receiveth; for, if a man receiveth having need, he is guiltless; but he that hath no need shall give satisfaction why and wherefore he received; and being put in confinement he shall be examined concerning the deeds that he hath done, and he shall not come out thence until he hath given back the last farthing. 6 Yea, as touching this also it is said; Let thine alms sweat into thine hands, until thou shalt have learnt to whom to give.

And this is the second commandment of the teaching. 2 Thou shalt do no murder, thou shalt not commit adultery, thou shalt not corrupt boys, thou shalt not commit fornication, thou shalt not steal , thou shalt not deal in magic, thou shalt do no sorcery, thou shalt not murder a child by abortion nor kill them when born, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s goods, 3 thou shalt not perjure thyself, thou shalt not bear false witness, thou shalt not speak evil, thou shalt not cherish a grudge, 4 thou shalt not be double-minded nor double-tongued; for the double tongue is a snare of death. 5 Thy word shall not be false or empty, but fulfilled by action. 6 Thou shalt not be avaricious nor a plunderer nor a hypocrite nor ill-tempered nor proud. Thou shalt not entertain an evil design against thy neighbour. 7 Thou shalt not hate any man, but some thou shalt reprove, and for others thou shalt pray, and others thou shalt love more than thy life.

My child, flee from every evil and everything that resembleth it. 2 Be not angry, for anger leadeth to murder, nor jealous nor contentious nor wrathful; for of all these things murders are engendered. 3 My child, be not lustful, for lust leadeth to fornication, neither foul-speaking neither with uplifted eyes; for of all these things adulteries are engendered. 4 My child, be no dealer in omens, since it leads to idolatry, nor an enchanter nor an astrologer nor a magician, neither be willing to look at them; for from all these things idolatry is engendered. 5 My child, be not a liar, since lying leads to theft, neither avaricious neither vainglorious; for from all these things thefts are engendered. 6 My child, be not a murmurer, since it leadeth to blasphemy, neither self-willed neither a thinker of evil thoughts; for from all these things blasphemies are engendered. 7 But be meek, since the meek shall inherit the earth. 8 Be long-suffering and pitiful and guileless and quiet and kindly and always fearing the words which thou hast heard. 9 Thou shalt not exalt thyself, neither shalt thou admit boldness into thy soul. Thy soul shall not cleave together with the lofty, but with the righteous and humble shalt thou walk. 10 The accidents that befal thee thou shalt receive as good, knowing that nothing is done without God.

My child, thou shalt remember him that speaketh unto thee the word of God night and day, and shalt honour him as the Lord; for whencesoever the Lordship speaketh, there is the Lord. 2 Moreover thou shalt seek out day by day the persons of the saints, that thou mayest find rest in their words. 3 Thou shalt not make a schism, but thou shalt pacify them that contend; thou shalt judge righteously, thou shalt not make a difference in a person to reprove him for transgressions. 4 Thou shalt not doubt whether a thing shall be or not be. 5 Be not thou found holding out thy hands to receive, but drawing them in as to giving. 6 If thou hast ought passing through thy hands, thou shalt give a ransom for thy sins. 7 Thou shalt not hesitate to give, neither shalt thou murmur when giving; for thou shalt know who is the good paymaster of thy reward. 8 Thou shalt not turn away from him that is in want, but shalt make thy brother partaker in all things, and shalt not say that anything is thine own. For if ye are fellow-partakers in that which is imperishable, how much rather in the things which are perishable? 9 Thou shalt not withhold thy hand from thy son or from thy daughter, but from their youth thou shalt teach them the fear of God. 10 Thou shalt not command thy bondservant or thine handmaid in thy bitterness who trust in the same God as thyself, lest haply they should cease to fear the God who is over both of you; for He cometh, not to call men with respect of persons, but He cometh to those whom the Spirit hath prepared. 11 But ye, servants, shall be subject unto your masters, as to a type of God, in shame and fear. 12 Thou shalt hate all hypocrisy, and everything that is not pleasing to the Lord. 13 Thou shalt never forsake the commandments of the Lord; but shalt keep those things which thou hast received, neither adding to them nor taking away from them. 14 In church thou shalt confess thy transgressions, and shalt not betake thyself to prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of life.

But the way of death is this. First of all, it is evil and full of a curse; murders, adulteries, lusts, fornications, thefts, idolatries, magical arts, witchcrafts, plunderings, false witnessings, hypocrisies, doubleness of heart, treachery, pride, malice, stubbornness, covetousness, foul-speaking, jealousy, boldness, exaltation, boastfulness; 2 persecutors of good men, hating truth, loving a lie, not perceiving the reward of righteousness, not cleaving to the good nor to righteous judgment, wakeful not for that which is good but for that which is evil; from whom gentleness and forbearance stand aloof; loving vain things, pursuing a recompense, not pitying the poor man, not toiling for him that is oppressed with toil, not recognizing Him that made them, murderers of children, corrupters of the creatures of God, turning away from him that is in want, oppressing him that is afflicted, advocates of the wealthy, unjust judges of the poor, altogether sinful. May ye be delivered, my children, from all these

things.

See lest any man lead you astray from this way of righteousness, for he teacheth thee apart from God. 2 For if thou art able to bear the whole yoke of the Lord, thou shalt be perfect; but if thou art not able, do that which thou art able. 3 But concerning eating, bear that which thou art able; yet abstain by all means from meat sacrificed to idols; for it is the worship of dead gods.

But concerning baptism, thus shall ye baptize. Having first recited all these things, baptize in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit in living (running) water. 2 But if thou hast not living water, then baptize in other water; and if thou

art not able in cold, then in warm. 3 But if thou hast neither, then pour water on the head thrice in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. 4 But before the baptism let him that baptizeth and him that is baptized fast, and any others also who are able; and thou shalt order him that is baptized to fast a day or two before.

And let not your fastings be with the hypocrites, for they fast on the second and the fifth day of the week; but do ye keep your fast on the fourth and on the preparation (the sixth) day. 2 Neither pray ye as the hypocrites, but as the Lord commanded in His Gospel, thus pray ye: Our Father, which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name; Thy kingdom come; Thy will be done, as in heaven, so also on earth; give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our debt, as we also forgive our debtors; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one; for Thine is the power and the glory for ever and ever. 3 Three times in the day pray ye so.

But as touching the eucharistic thanksgiving give ye thanks thus. 2 First, as regards the cup: We give Thee thanks, O our Father, for the holy vine of Thy son David, which Thou madest known unto us through Thy Son Jesus; Thine is the glory for ever and ever. 3 Then as regarding the broken bread: We give Thee thanks, O our Father, for the life and knowledge which Thou didst make known unto us through Thy Son Jesus; Thine is the glory for ever and ever. 4 As this broken bread was scattered upon the mountains and being gathered together became one, so may Thy Church be gathered together from the ends of the earth into Thy kingdom; for Thine is the glory and the power through Jesus Christ for ever and ever. 5 But let no one eat or drink of this eucharistic thanksgiving, but they that have been baptized into the name of the Lord; for concerning this also the Lord hath said: Give not that which is holy to the dogs.

And after ye are satisfied thus give ye thanks: 2 We give Thee thanks, Holy Father, for Thy holy name, which Thou hast made to tabernacle in our hearts, and for the knowledge and faith and immortality, which Thou hast made known unto us through Thy Son Jesus; Thine is the glory for ever and ever. 3 Thou, Almighty Master, didst create all things for Thy name's sake, and didst give food and drink unto men for enjoyment, that they might render thanks to Thee; but didst bestow upon us spiritual food and drink and External life through Thy Son. 4 Before all things we give Thee thanks that Thou art powerful; Thine is the glory for ever and ever. 5 Remember, Lord, Thy Church to deliver it from all evil and to perfect it in Thy love; and gather it together from the four winds—even the Church which has been sanctified—into Thy kingdom which Thou hast prepared for it; for Thine is the power and the glory for ever and ever. 6 May grace come and may this world pass away. Hosanna to the God of David. If any man is holy, let him come; if any man is not, let him repent. Maran Atha. Amen. 7 But permit the prophets to offer thanksgiving as much as they desire.

Whosoever therefore shall come and teach you all these things that have been said before, receive him; 2 but if the teacher himself be perverted and teach a different doctrine to the destruction thereof, hear him not; but if to the increase of righteousness and the knowledge of the Lord, receive him as the Lord. 3 But concerning the apostles and prophets, so do ye according to the ordinance of the Gospel. 4 Let every apostle, when he cometh to you, be received as the Lord; 5 but he shall not abide more than a single day, or if there be need, a second likewise; but if he abide three days, he is a false prophet. 6 And when he departeth let the apostle receive nothing save bread, until he findeth shelter; but if he ask money, he is a false prophet. 7 And any prophet speaking in the Spirit ye shall not try neither discern; for every sin shall be forgiven, but this sin shall not be forgiven. 8 Yet not every one that speaketh in the Spirit is a prophet, but only

if he have the ways of the Lord. From his ways therefore the false prophet and the prophet shall be recognized. 9 And no prophet when he ordereth a table in the Spirit shall eat of it; otherwise he is a false prophet. 10 And every prophet teaching the truth, if he doeth not what he teacheth, is a false prophet. 11 And every prophet approved and found true, if he doeth ought as an outward mystery typical of the Church, and yet teacheth you not to do all that he himself doeth, shall not be judged before you; he hath his judgment in the presence of God; for in like manner also did the prophets of old time. 12 And whosoever shall say in the Spirit, Give me silver or anything else, ye shall not listen to him; but if he tell you to give on behalf of others that are in want, let no man judge him.

But let every one that cometh in the name of the Lord be received; and then when ye have tested him ye shall know him, for ye shall have understanding on the right hand and on the left. 2 If the comer is a traveler, assist him, so far as ye are able; but he shall not stay with you more than two or three days, if it be necessary. 3 But if he wishes to settle with you, being a craftsman, let him work for and eat his bread. 4 But if he has no craft, according to your wisdom provide how he shall live as a Christian among you, but not in idleness. 5 If he will not do this, he is trafficking upon Christ. Beware of such men.

But every true prophet desiring to settle among you is worthy of his food. 2 In like manner a true teacher is also worthy, like the workman, of his food. 3 Every firstfruit then of the produce of the wine-vat and of the threshing-floor, of thy oxen and of thy sheep, thou shalt take and give as the firstfruit to the prophets; for they are your chief-priests. 4 But if ye have not a prophet, give them to the poor. 5 If thou makest bread, take the firstfruit and give according to the commandment. 6 In like manner, when thou openest a jar of wine or of oil, take the firstfruit and give to the prophets; 7 yea and of money and raiment and every possession take the firstfruit, as shall seem good to thee, and give according to the commandment.

And on the Lord’s own day gather yourselves together and break bread and give thanks, first confessing your transgressions, that your sacrifice may be pure. 2 And let no man, having his dispute with his fellow, join your assembly until they have been reconciled, that your sacrifice may not be defiled; 3 for this sacrifice it is that was spoken of by the Lord; In every place and at every time offer Me a pure sacrifice; for I am a great king,

saith the Lord, and My name is wonderful among the nations.

Appoint for yourselves therefore bishops and deacons worthy of the Lord, men who are meek and not lovers of money, and true and approved; for unto you they also perform the service of the prophets and teachers. 2 Therefore despise them not; for they are your honourable men along with the prophets and teachers. 3 And reprove one another, not in anger but in peace, as ye find in the Gospel; and let no one speak to any that has gone wrong towards his neighbor, neither let him hear a word from you, until he repent. 4 But your prayers and your almsgiving and all your deeds so do ye as ye find it in the Gospel of our Lord.

Be watchful for your life; let your lamps not be quenched and your loins not ungirded, but be ye ready; for ye know not the hour in which our Lord cometh. 2 And ye shall gather yourselves together frequently, seeking what is fitting for your souls; for the whole time of your faith shall not profit you, if ye be not perfected at the last season. 3 For in the last days the false prophets and corrupters shall be multiplied, and the sheep shall be turned into wolves, and love shall be turned into hate. 4 For as lawlessness increaseth, they shall hate one another and shall persecute and betray. And then the world-deceiver shall appear as a son of God; and shall work signs and wonders, and the earth shall be delivered into his hands; and he shall do unholy things, which have never been since the world began. 5 Then all created mankind shall come to the fire of testing, and many shall be offended and perish; but they that endure in their faith shall be saved by the Curse Himself. 6 And then shall the signs of the truth appear; first a sign of a rift in the heaven, then a sign of a voice of

a trumpet, and thirdly a resurrection of the dead; 7 yet not of all, but as it was said: The Lord shall come and all His saints with Him. 8 Then shall the world see the Lord coming upon the clouds of heaven.